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<title>Function Reference</title>
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<h1>Function Reference</h1>
<a name="TOP"></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#siag-abs">abs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-acos">acos</a>
<li><a href="#siag-acosh">acosh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-address">address</a>
<li><a href="#siag-and">and</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ash">ash</a>
<li><a href="#siag-asin">asin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-asinh">asinh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atan2">atan2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atan_2">atan_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atanh">atanh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-avedev">avedev</a>
<li><a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<li><a href="#siag-averagea">averagea</a>
<li><a href="#siag-base64decode">base64decode</a>
<li><a href="#siag-base64encode">base64encode</a>
<li><a href="#siag-besseli">besseli</a>
<li><a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<li><a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<li><a href="#siag-betadist">betadist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-betainv">betainv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bin2hex">bin2hex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bin2oct">bin2oct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-binomdist">binomdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cbrt">cbrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cc_solv">cc_solv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ceiling">ceiling</a>
<li><a href="#siag-char">char</a>
<li><a href="#siag-chidist">chidist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-chiinv">chiinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-choose">choose</a>
<li><a href="#siag-code">code</a>
<li><a href="#siag-columns">columns</a>
<li><a href="#siag-combin">combin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-complex">complex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-concatenate">concatenate</a>
<li><a href="#siag-confidence">confidence</a>
<li><a href="#siag-convert">convert</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cosh">cosh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<li><a href="#siag-counta">counta</a>
<li><a href="#siag-countblank">countblank</a>
<li><a href="#siag-countif">countif</a>
<li><a href="#siag-critbinom">critbinom</a>
<li><a href="#siag-crypt">crypt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-currency_rate">currency_rate</a>
<li><a href="#siag-datevalue">datevalue</a>
<li><a href="#siag-daverage">daverage</a>
<li><a href="#siag-day">day</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dcounta">dcounta</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dec2hex">dec2hex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dec2oct">dec2oct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-define">define</a>
<li><a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<li><a href="#siag-delta">delta</a>
<li><a href="#siag-devsq">devsq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dget">dget</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dmax">dmax</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dmin">dmin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dollar">dollar</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dproduct">dproduct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-drem">drem</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dstdev">dstdev</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dstdevp">dstdevp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dsum">dsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-duration">duration</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dvar">dvar</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dvarp">dvarp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-effect">effect</a>
<li><a href="#siag-erf">erf</a>
<li><a href="#siag-erfc">erfc</a>
<li><a href="#siag-euro">euro</a>
<li><a href="#siag-even">even</a>
<li><a href="#siag-exact">exact</a>
<li><a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-expm_1">expm_1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-expondist">expondist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fabs">fabs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fact">fact</a>
<li><a href="#siag-factdouble">factdouble</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fdist">fdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-finv">finv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fisher">fisher</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fisherinv">fisherinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fixed">fixed</a>
<li><a href="#siag-floor">floor</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fmod">fmod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fv">fv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-g_product">g_product</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gammadist">gammadist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gammainv">gammainv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gammaln">gammaln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gcd">gcd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-geomean">geomean</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gestep">gestep</a>
<li><a href="#siag-get_cell">get_cell</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getcwd">getcwd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getenv">getenv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getgid">getgid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gethostid">gethostid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gethostname">gethostname</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getpgrp">getpgrp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getpid">getpid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getppid">getppid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getuid">getuid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hex2bin">hex2bin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hex2dec">hex2dec</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hex2oct">hex2oct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hlookup">hlookup</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hour">hour</a>
<li><a href="#siag-href">href</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hyperlink">hyperlink</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hypgeomdist">hypgeomdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hypot">hypot</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imabs">imabs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imaginary">imaginary</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imargument">imargument</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imconjugate">imconjugate</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imcos">imcos</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imdiv">imdiv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imexp">imexp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imln">imln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imlog_10">imlog_10</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imlog_2">imlog_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-impower">impower</a>
<li><a href="#siag-improduct">improduct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imreal">imreal</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsin">imsin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsqrt">imsqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsub">imsub</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsum">imsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imtan">imtan</a>
<li><a href="#siag-inet_addr">inet_addr</a>
<li><a href="#siag-info">info</a>
<li><a href="#siag-int">int</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isblank">isblank</a>
<li><a href="#siag-iseven">iseven</a>
<li><a href="#siag-islogical">islogical</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isna">isna</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isnontext">isnontext</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isnumber">isnumber</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isodd">isodd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ispmt">ispmt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-istext">istext</a>
<li><a href="#siag-j_0">j_0</a>
<li><a href="#siag-j_1">j_1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-jn">jn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-kurt">kurt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-kurtp">kurtp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-large">large</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lcm">lcm</a>
<li><a href="#siag-left">left</a>
<li><a href="#siag-len">len</a>
<li><a href="#siag-length">length</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lgamma">lgamma</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ln">ln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log">log</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log1p">log1p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log_10">log_10</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log_2">log_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-loginv">loginv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lognormdist">lognormdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lower">lower</a>
<li><a href="#siag-max">max</a>
<li><a href="#siag-maxa">maxa</a>
<li><a href="#siag-median">median</a>
<li><a href="#siag-min">min</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mina">mina</a>
<li><a href="#siag-minute">minute</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mmult">mmult</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mod">mod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-month">month</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_abs">mpf_abs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_add">mpf_add</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_ceil">mpf_ceil</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_cmp">mpf_cmp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_div">mpf_div</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_div_2exp">mpf_div_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_eq">mpf_eq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_floor">mpf_floor</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_mul">mpf_mul</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_mul_2exp">mpf_mul_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_neg">mpf_neg</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_pow_ui">mpf_pow_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_reldiff">mpf_reldiff</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_sgn">mpf_sgn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_sqrt">mpf_sqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_sub">mpf_sub</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_trunc">mpf_trunc</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_abs">mpz_abs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_add">mpz_add</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_and">mpz_and</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_bin_ui">mpz_bin_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cdiv_q">mpz_cdiv_q</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cdiv_r">mpz_cdiv_r</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_clrbit">mpz_clrbit</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cmp">mpz_cmp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cmpabs">mpz_cmpabs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_com">mpz_com</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_divexact">mpz_divexact</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fac_ui">mpz_fac_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_q">mpz_fdiv_q</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_q_2exp">mpz_fdiv_q_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_r">mpz_fdiv_r</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_r_2exp">mpz_fdiv_r_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fib_ui">mpz_fib_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_gcd">mpz_gcd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_hamdist">mpz_hamdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_invert">mpz_invert</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_ior">mpz_ior</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_jacobi">mpz_jacobi</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_lcm">mpz_lcm</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_legendre">mpz_legendre</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_mod">mpz_mod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_mul">mpz_mul</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_mul_2exp">mpz_mul_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_neg">mpz_neg</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_nextprime">mpz_nextprime</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_perfect_power_p">mpz_perfect_power_p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_perfect_square_p">mpz_perfect_square_p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_popcount">mpz_popcount</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_pow_ui">mpz_pow_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_powm">mpz_powm</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_probab_prime_p">mpz_probab_prime_p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_remove">mpz_remove</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_root">mpz_root</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_scan0">mpz_scan0</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_scan1">mpz_scan1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_setbit">mpz_setbit</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sgn">mpz_sgn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sizeinbase">mpz_sizeinbase</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sqrt">mpz_sqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sub">mpz_sub</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_q">mpz_tdiv_q</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_q_2exp">mpz_tdiv_q_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_r">mpz_tdiv_r</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_r_2exp">mpz_tdiv_r_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tstbit">mpz_tstbit</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_xor">mpz_xor</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mround">mround</a>
<li><a href="#siag-n">n</a>
<li><a href="#siag-negbinomdist">negbinomdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-nominal">nominal</a>
<li><a href="#siag-normdist">normdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-norminv">norminv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-normsdist">normsdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-normsinv">normsinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-not">not</a>
<li><a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<li><a href="#siag-nper">nper</a>
<li><a href="#siag-oct2bin">oct2bin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-oct2dec">oct2dec</a>
<li><a href="#siag-oct2hex">oct2hex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-odd">odd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-or">or</a>
<li><a href="#siag-permut">permut</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pi">pi</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pmt">pmt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pow">pow</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pow_10">pow_10</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pow_2">pow_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-power">power</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ppmt">ppmt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-product">product</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pwr">pwr</a>
<li><a href="#siag-quotient">quotient</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_avg">r_avg</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_max">r_max</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_min">r_min</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_sum">r_sum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randbernoulli">randbernoulli</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randbetween">randbetween</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randbinom">randbinom</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randexp">randexp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randnegbinom">randnegbinom</a>
<li><a href="#siag-random">random</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randpoisson">randpoisson</a>
<li><a href="#siag-realtime">realtime</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rept">rept</a>
<li><a href="#siag-roman">roman</a>
<li><a href="#siag-round">round</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rounddown">rounddown</a>
<li><a href="#siag-roundup">roundup</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rows">rows</a>
<li><a href="#siag-second">second</a>
<li><a href="#siag-siag_colsum">siag_colsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-siag_rowsum">siag_rowsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sign">sign</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sinh">sinh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-siod">siod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-skew">skew</a>
<li><a href="#siag-skewp">skewp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sln">sln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-small">small</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sqrt">sqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sqrtpi">sqrtpi</a>
<li><a href="#siag-standardize">standardize</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdeva">stdeva</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdevp">stdevp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdevpa">stdevpa</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<li><a href="#siag-strcmp">strcmp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-strcspn">strcspn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-strspn">strspn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-substring">substring</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-suma">suma</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumif">sumif</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumproduct">sumproduct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumsq">sumsq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumx2my2">sumx2my2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumx2py2">sumx2py2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumxmy_2">sumxmy_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sxhash">sxhash</a>
<li><a href="#siag-syd">syd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tanh">tanh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tbilleq">tbilleq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tbillprice">tbillprice</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tbillyield">tbillyield</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tdist">tdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<li><a href="#siag-timevalue">timevalue</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tinv">tinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-totalheight">totalheight</a>
<li><a href="#siag-totalwidth">totalwidth</a>
<li><a href="#siag-transpose">transpose</a>
<li><a href="#siag-trunc">trunc</a>
<li><a href="#siag-upper">upper</a>
<li><a href="#siag-var">var</a>
<li><a href="#siag-vara">vara</a>
<li><a href="#siag-varp">varp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-varpa">varpa</a>
<li><a href="#siag-vref">vref</a>
<li><a href="#siag-weekday">weekday</a>
<li><a href="#siag-weibull">weibull</a>
<li><a href="#siag-y_0">y_0</a>
<li><a href="#siag-y_1">y_1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-year">year</a>
<li><a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
</ul>
<hr>
<a name="siag-abs"></a>
<h2>abs</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
abs(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the absolute numerical value of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
abs(-3.14) returns 3.14.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fabs">fabs</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-acos"></a>
<h2>acos</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
acos(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse cosine of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-acosh"></a>
<h2>acosh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
acosh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ACOSH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x; that is
the value whose hyperbolic cosine is x. If x is less than 1.0,
acosh() returns the NUM! error.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ACOSH(2) equals 1.31696.
<p>
ACOSH(5.3) equals 2.35183.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-acos">acos</a>
<a href="#siag-asinh">asinh</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-address"></a>
<h2>address</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
address(row_num, col_num[, abs_num, a1, text])
<h3>Description</h3>
Address returns a cell address as text for specified row and column
numbers.
<p>
If abs_num is 1 or omitted, address returns absolute reference. If
abs_num is 2, address returns absolute row and relative column. If
abs_num is 3, address returns relative row and absolute column. If
abs_num is 4, address returns relative reference. If abs_num is
greater than 4, address returns error.
<p>
a1 is a logical value that specifies the reference style. If a1 is
TRUE or omitted, address returns an A1-style reference, i.e. $D$4.
Otherwise address returns an R1C1-style reference, i.e. R4C4.
<p>
text specifies the name of the worksheet to be used as the external
reference.
<p>
If row_num or col_num is less than one, address returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-and"></a>
<h2>and</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
and(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
And implements the logical and function: the result is TRUE if all of
the expression evaluates to TRUE, otherwise it returns FALSE.
<p>
b1, trough bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
If an integer or floating point value is provided zero is considered
FALSE and anything else is TRUE.
<p>
If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
If no logical values are provided, then error is returned.
Excel compatible. The name of the function is @and,
since and is used by Scheme.
<h3>Examples</h3>
and(TRUE,TRUE) equals TRUE.
<p>
and(TRUE,FALSE) equals FALSE.
<p>
Let us assume that A1 holds number five and A2 number one. Then
<p>
and(A1>3,A2<2) equals TRUE.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-or">or</a>
<a href="#siag-not">not</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ash"></a>
<h2>ash</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ash(value, bits)
<h3>Description</h3>
Arithmetic shift of value a given number of bits to the left (positive)
or right (negative).
<h3>Examples</h3>
ash(1, 2) returns 4.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-asin"></a>
<h2>asin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
asin(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse sin of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-asinh"></a>
<h2>asinh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
asinh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ASINH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of x; that is
the value whose hyperbolic sine is x.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ASINH(0.5) equals 0.481212.
<p>
ASINH(1.0) equals 0.881374.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-asin">asin</a>
<a href="#siag-acosh">acosh</a>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atan"></a>
<h2>atan</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atan(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse tangent of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atan2"></a>
<h2>atan2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atan2(x, y)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse tangent of x/y.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<a href="#siag-atan_2">atan_2</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atan_2"></a>
<h2>atan_2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atan_2(x, y)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse tangent of x/y. This is the same function as atan2,
but avoids being interpreted as an A1 style reference.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atanh"></a>
<h2>atanh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atanh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ATANH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x; that
is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is x. If the absolute value of
x is greater than 1.0, ATANH returns NUM! error. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ATANH(0.5) equals 0.549306.
<p>
ATANH(0.8) equals 1.098612.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-avedev"></a>
<h2>avedev</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
avedev(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Avedev returns the average of the absolute deviations of a data set
from their mean. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
avedev(A1..A5) equals 7.84.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-average"></a>
<h2>average</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
average(value1, value2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Average computes the average of all the values and cells referenced in
the argument list. This is equivalent to the sum of the arguments
divided by the count of the arguments. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
average(A1..A5) equals 23.2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-averagea"></a>
<h2>averagea</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
averagea(number1, number2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Averagea returns the average of the given arguments. Numbers, text and
logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
averagea(A1..A5) equals 18.94.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-base64decode"></a>
<h2>base64decode</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
base64decode(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Given a string X in base64 representation returns a string
with bytes computed using the base64 decoding algorithm.
See <a href="http://info.internet.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1521.txt">rfc1521.txt</a>.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-base64encode">base64encode</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-base64encode"></a>
<h2>base64encode</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
base64encode(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns a string computed using the base64 encoding algorithm.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-base64decode">base64decode</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-besseli"></a>
<h2>besseli</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
besseli(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Besseli returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
besseli(0.7,3) equals 0.007367374.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-besselj"></a>
<h2>besselj</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
besselj(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Besselj returns the bessel function with x is where the
function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel function, if
non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
besselj(0.89,3) equals 0.013974004.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-besselk"></a>
<h2>besselk</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
besselk(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Besselk returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
besselk(3,9) equals 397.95880.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besseli">besseli</a>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bessely"></a>
<h2>bessely</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bessely(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Bessely returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bessely(4,2) equals 0.215903595.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besseli">besseli</a>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-betadist"></a>
<h2>betadist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
betadist(x, alpha, beta[, a, b])
<h3>Description</h3>
Betadist returns the cumulative beta distribution. a is the
optional lower bound of x and b is the optional upper bound of x.
If a is not given, betadist uses 0. If b is not given, betadist uses
1.
<p>
If x < a or x > b betadist returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0, betadist returns error. If a >= b betadist returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
betadist(0.12,2,3) equals 0.07319808.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-betainv">betainv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-betainv"></a>
<h2>betainv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
betainv(p, alpha, beta[, a, b])
<h3>Description</h3>
Betainv returns the inverse of cumulative beta distribution.
a is the optional lower bound of x and b is the optinal upper bound
of x. If a is not given, betainv uses 0. If b is not given, betainv
uses 1.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1, betainv returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0, betainv returns error. If a >= b, betainv returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
betainv(0.45,1.6,1) equals 0.607096629.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-betadist">betadist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bin2dec"></a>
<h2>bin2dec</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bin2dec(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Bin2dec converts a binary number in string or number to its
decimal equivalent. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bin2dec(101) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2oct">bin2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2hex">bin2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bin2hex"></a>
<h2>bin2hex</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bin2hex(number[, places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Bin2hex converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bin2hex(100111) equals 27.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hex2bin">hex2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2oct">bin2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bin2oct"></a>
<h2>bin2oct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bin2oct(number[, places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Bin2oct converts a binary number to an octal number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bin2oct(110111) equals 67.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-oct2bin">oct2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2hex">bin2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-binomdist"></a>
<h2>binomdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
binomdist(n, trials, p, cumulative)
<h3>Description</h3>
Binomdist returns the binomial distribution. n is the number
of successes, trials is the total number of independent trials, p is
the probability of success in trials, and cumulative describes
whether to return the sum of thebinomial function from 0 to n.
<p>
If n or trials are non-integer they are truncated. If n < 0 or
trials < 0 binomdist returns error. If n > trials binomdist
returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1 binomdist returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
binomdist(3,5,0.8,0) equals 0.2048.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cbrt"></a>
<h2>cbrt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cbrt(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The cbrt() function returns the cube root of x. This
function cannot fail; every representable real value has a
representable real cube root.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sqrt">sqrt</a>
<a href="#siag-pow">pow</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cc_solv"></a>
<h2>cc_solv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cc_solv(a, b, n)
<h3>Description</h3>
Solve a general linear system A*x = b.
<p>
int solv(double a[],double b[],int n)
<p>
a = array containing system matrix A in row order
(altered to L-U factored form by computation)
<p>
b = array containing system vector b at entry and
solution vector x at exit
<p>
n = dimension of system
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ceil"></a>
<h2>ceil</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ceil(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
CEIL function rounds x up to the next nearest integer.
<p>
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
CEIL(0.4) equals 1.
<p>
CEIL(-1.1) equals -1.
<p>
CEIL(-2.9) equals -2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-abs">abs</a>
<a href="#siag-floor">floor</a>
<a href="#siag-int">int</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ceiling"></a>
<h2>ceiling</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ceiling(x, significance)
<h3>Description</h3>
Ceiling rounds x up to the nearest multiple of
significance.
<p>
If x or significance is non-numeric ceiling returns error.
If x and significance have different signs ceiling returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ceiling(2.43,1) equals 3.
<p>
ceiling(123.123,3) equals 126.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-char"></a>
<h2>char</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
char(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Char returns the ASCII character represented by the number x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
char(65) equals A.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-code">code</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-chidist"></a>
<h2>chidist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
chidist(x, dof)
<h3>Description</h3>
Chidist returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared
distribution. dof is the number of degrees of freedom.
<p>
If dof is non-integer it is truncated. If dof < 1, chidist returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
chidist(5.3,2) equals 0.070651213.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-chiinv">chiinv</a>
<a href="#siag-chitest">chitest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-chiinv"></a>
<h2>chiinv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
chiinv(p, dof)
<h3>Description</h3>
Chiinv returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of
the chi-squared distribution.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 or dof < 1, chiinv returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
chiinv(0.98,7) equals 1.564293004.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-chidist">chidist</a>
<a href="#siag-chitest">chitest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-choose"></a>
<h2>choose</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
choose(index[, value1][, value2]...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Choose returns the value of index index. index is rounded to an
integer if it is not.
<p>
If index < 1 or index > number of values: returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-if">if</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-code"></a>
<h2>code</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
code(char)
<h3>Description</h3>
Code returns the ASCII number for the character char.
<h3>Examples</h3>
code("A") equals 65.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-char">char</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-columns"></a>
<h2>columns</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
columns(range)
<h3>Description</h3>
The columns function returns the number of columns in area or array
reference.
<p>
If reference is neither an array nor a range returns
error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-column">column</a>
<a href="#siag-row">row</a>
<a href="#siag-rows">rows</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-combin"></a>
<h2>combin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
combin(n, k)
<h3>Description</h3>
Combin computes the number of combinations.
<p>
Performing this function on a non-integer or a negative number returns
an error. Also if n is less than k returns an error. This function
is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
combin(8,6) equals 28.
<p>
combin(6,2) equals 15.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-complex"></a>
<h2>complex</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
complex(real, im[, suffix])
<h3>Description</h3>
Complex returns a complex number of the form x + yi. real is the real
and im is the imaginary coefficient of the complex number. suffix is
the suffix for the imaginary coefficient. If it is omitted, complex
uses 'i' by default.
<p>
If suffix is neither 'i' nor 'j', complex returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
complex(1,-1) equals 1-i.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-concatenate"></a>
<h2>concatenate</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
concatenate(string1[, string2...])
<h3>Description</h3>
Concatenate returns up appended strings.
<h3>Examples</h3>
concatenate("aa","bb") equals "aabb".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-left">left</a>
<a href="#siag-mid">mid</a>
<a href="#siag-right">right</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-confidence"></a>
<h2>confidence</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
confidence(x, stddev, size)
<h3>Description</h3>
Confidence returns the confidence interval for a mean. x is
the significance level, stddev is the standard deviation, and size
is the size of the sample.
<p>
If size is non-integer it is truncated. If size < 0, confidence
returns error. If size is 0, confidence returns error.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
confidence(0.05,1,33) equals 0.341185936.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-convert"></a>
<h2>convert</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
convert(number, from_unit, to_unit)
<h3>Description</h3>
Convert returns a conversion from one measurement system to another.
For example, you can convert a weight in pounds to a weight in grams.
number is the value you want to convert, from_unit specifies the
unit of the number, and to_unit is the unit for the result.
<p>
from_unit and to_unit can be any of the following:
<p>
Weight and mass:
<p>
'g' Gram
<p>
'sg' Slug
<p>
'lbm' Pound
<p>
'u' U (atomic mass)
<p>
'ozm' Ounce
<p>
Distance:
<p>
'm' Meter
<p>
'mi' Statute mile
<p>
'Nmi' Nautical mile
<p>
'in' Inch
<p>
'ft' Foot
<p>
'yd' Yard
<p>
'ang' Angstrom
<p>
'Pica' Pica
<p>
Time:
<p>
'yr' Year
<p>
'day' Day
<p>
'hr' Hour
<p>
'mn' Minute
<p>
'sec' Second
<p>
Pressure:
<p>
'Pa' Pascal
<p>
'atm' Atmosphere
<p>
'mmHg' mm of Mercury
<p>
Force:
<p>
'N' Newton
<p>
'dyn' Dyne
<p>
'lbf' Pound force
<p>
Energy:
<p>
'J' Joule
<p>
'e' Erg
<p>
'c' Thermodynamic calorie
<p>
'cal' IT calorie
<p>
'eV' Electron volt
<p>
'HPh' Horsepower-hour
<p>
'Wh' Watt-hour
<p>
'flb' Foot-pound
<p>
'BTU' BTU
<p>
Power:
<p>
'HP' Horsepower
<p>
'W' Watt
<p>
Magnetism:
<p>
'T' Tesla
<p>
'ga' Gauss
<p>
Temperature:
<p>
'C' Degree Celsius
<p>
'F' Degree Fahrenheit
<p>
'K' Degree Kelvin
<p>
Liquid measure:
<p>
'tsp' Teaspoon
<p>
'tbs' Tablespoon
<p>
'oz' Fluid ounce
<p>
'cup' Cup
<p>
'pt' Pint
<p>
'qt' Quart
<p>
'gal' Gallon
<p>
'l' Liter
<p>
For metric units any of the following prefixes can be used:
<p>
'E' exa 1E+18
<p>
'P' peta 1E+15
<p>
'T' tera 1E+12
<p>
'G' giga 1E+09
<p>
'M' mega 1E+06
<p>
'k' kilo 1E+03
<p>
'h' hecto 1E+02
<p>
'e' dekao 1E+01
<p>
'd' deci 1E-01
<p>
'c' centi 1E-02
<p>
'm' milli 1E-03
<p>
'u' micro 1E-06
<p>
'n' nano 1E-09
<p>
'p' pico 1E-12
<p>
'f' femto 1E-15
<p>
'a' atto 1E-18
<p>
If from_unit and to_unit are different types, CONVERT returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
convert(3,"lbm","g") equals 1360.7769.
<p>
convert(5.8,"m","in") equals 228.3465.
<p>
convert(7.9,"cal","J") equals 33.07567.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cos"></a>
<h2>cos</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cos(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the cosine where x is in units of radians.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cosh"></a>
<h2>cosh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cosh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of x, which is defined
mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2. x is in radians.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
COSH(0.5) equals 1.127626.
<p>
COSH(1) equals 1.543081.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-sinh">sinh</a>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-tanh">tanh</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-count"></a>
<h2>count</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
count(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Count returns the total number of integer or floating point arguments
passed. Empty cells do not count. Strings and labels do not count.
Complex numbers do not count.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
count(A1..A5) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-counta"></a>
<h2>counta</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
counta(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Counta returns the number of arguments passed not including empty
cells. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, "missing", "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
counta(A1..A5) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<a href="#siag-dcounta">dcounta</a>
<a href="#siag-product">product</a>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-countblank"></a>
<h2>countblank</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
countblank(range)
<h3>Description</h3>
Countblank returns the number of blank cells in a range. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-countif"></a>
<h2>countif</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
countif(range, criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Countif counts the number of cells in the given range that
meet the given criteria. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27,
28, 33, and 39. Then
<p>
countif(A1..A5,"<=28") equals 3.
<p>
countif(A1..A5,"<28") equals 2.
<p>
countif(A1..A5,"28") equals 1.
<p>
countif(A1..A5,">28") equals 2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<a href="#siag-sumif">sumif</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-critbinom"></a>
<h2>critbinom</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
critbinom(trials,p,alpha)
<h3>Description</h3>
Critbinom returns the smallest value for which thecumulative
is greater than or equal to a given value. n is the number of trials,
p is the probability of success in trials, and alpha is the
criterion value.
<p>
If trials is a non-integer it is truncated. If trials < 0, critbinom
returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1, critbinom returns
error. If alpha < 0 or alpha > 1, critbinom returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
critbinom(10,0.5,0.75) equals 6.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-binomdist">binomdist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-crypt"></a>
<h2>crypt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
crypt(key, salt)
<h3>Description</h3>
A form of string hash.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-currency_rate"></a>
<h2>currency_rate</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
currency_rate(from, to)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches currency exchange rates from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
currency_rate("SEK", "FRF") returns the value in French francs
of one Swedish krona.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-euro">euro</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-datevalue"></a>
<h2>datevalue</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
datevalue(date_str)
<h3>Description</h3>
Datevalue returns the serial number of the date. date_str is the
string that contains the date. For example, datevalue("1/1/1999")
equals 36160.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-date">date</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-daverage"></a>
<h2>daverage</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
daverage(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Daverage returns the average of the values in a list or
database that match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 42296.3333.
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Age", A9..A11) equals 39.
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 40782.5.
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 36.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-day"></a>
<h2>day</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
day(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to a day.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-month">month</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<a href="#siag-year">year</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dcount"></a>
<h2>dcount</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dcount(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dcount counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
that match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dcount(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 3.
<p>
dcount(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 2.
<p>
dcount(A1..C7, "Name", A9..B11) equals 0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-daverage">daverage</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dcounta"></a>
<h2>dcounta</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dcounta(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dcounta counts the cells that contain data in a database that
match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dcounta(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 3.
<p>
dcounta(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 2.
<p>
dcounta(A1..C7, "Name", A9..B11) equals 2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dec2bin"></a>
<h2>dec2bin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dec2bin(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Dec2bin converts a decimal number to a binary number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
dec2bin(42) equals 101010.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2oct">dec2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2hex">dec2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dec2hex"></a>
<h2>dec2hex</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dec2hex(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Dec2hex converts a decimal number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
dec2hex(42) equals 2A.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hex2dec">hex2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2oct">dec2oct</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dec2oct"></a>
<h2>dec2oct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dec2oct(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Dec2oct converts a decimal number to an octal number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
dec2oct(42) equals 52.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-oct2dec">oct2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2hex">dec2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-define"></a>
<h2>define</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
define(variable, value)
<h3>Description</h3>
A special form used to assign a value to a variable:
<p>
define(variable, value)
<p>
The variable can then be used in other places in the sheet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let's say that A1 contains the value 2 and B1 contains the value 3.
<p>
define(foo, a1*b1) returns 6 and also defines the variable foo.
<p>
foo returns 6 after the definition above.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-degrees"></a>
<h2>degrees</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
degrees(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Degrees computes the number of degrees equivalent to x radians. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
degrees(2.5) equals 143.2394.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<a href="#siag-pi">pi</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-delta"></a>
<h2>delta</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
delta(x[,y])
<h3>Description</h3>
Delta tests for numerical equivilance of two arguments
returning 1 in equality y is optional, and defaults to 0.
<p>
If either argument is non-numeric returns a error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
delta(42.99,43) equals 0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exact">exact</a>
<a href="#siag-gestep">gestep</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
