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<H1>WAMPES Reference Manual</H1>
Version 991216
<BR>
<P>
Dieter Deyke, DK5SG/N0PRA
<BR>
deyke@hotpop.com
<BR>
<HR><H2>Table of Contents</H2>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H1.">Credits</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H2.">The /usr/lib/wampes/net Program</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H2.1">Startup</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H2.2">Environment variables</A>
</OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H3.">Console modes</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.">Commands</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.1"><cr></A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.2">!</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.3">?</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.4">arp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.5">asystat</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.6">attach</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.7">ax25</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.8">axip</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.9">bye</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.10">close</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.11">connect</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.12">delete</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.13">disconnect</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.14">domain</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.15">echo</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.16">eol</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.17">escape</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.18">exit</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.19">finger</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.20">fkey</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.21">flexnet</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.22">ftp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.23">hostname</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.24">icmp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.25">ifconfig</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.26">ip</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.27">ipfilter</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.28">kick</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.29">log</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.30">login</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.31">memory</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.32">mkdir</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.33">netrom</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.34">nrstat</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.35">param</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.36">ping</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.37">ps</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.38">record</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.39">remote</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.40">rename</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.41">repeat</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.42">reset</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.43">rip</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.44">rmdir</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.45">route</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.46">session</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.47">shell</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.48">smtp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.49">sntp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.50">source</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.51">start</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.52">status</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.53">stop</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.54">tcp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.55">telnet</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.56">topt</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.57">trace</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.58">udp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H4.59">upload</A>
</OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.">FTP Subcommands</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.1">abort</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.2">append</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.3">ascii</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.4">binary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.5">bye</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.6">cd</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.7">cdup</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.8">delete</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.9">dir</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.10">get</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.11">image</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.12">ls</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.13">mkdir</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.14">modtime</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.15">nlist</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.16">password</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.17">put</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.18">pwd</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.19">quit</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.20">quote</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.21">recv</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.22">reget</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.23">restart</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.24">rhelp</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.25">rmdir</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.26">send</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.27">size</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.28">system</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.29">type</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H5.30">user</A>
</OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.">Setting Paclen, Maxframe, MTU, MSS and Window</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.1">AX.25 Parameters</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.1.1">Paclen</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.1.2">Maxframe</A>
</OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.2">IP and TCP Parameters</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.2.1">MTU</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.2.2">MSS</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.2.3">Window</A>
</OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.3">Discussion</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.3.1">IP Fragmentation vs AX.25 Segmentation</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.3.2">Setting Paclen</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.3.3">Setting Maxframe</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.3.4">Setting MTU</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.3.5">Setting MSS</A>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.3.6">Setting Window</A>
</OL>
<LI><A HREF="#H6.4">Summary</A>
</OL>
</OL>
<HR><H2><A NAME="H1.">1. Credits</A></H2>
This manual is based in part on publications authored by
<PRE>
Phil Karn, KA9Q
Bdale Garbee, N3EUA
Gerard van der Grinten, PA0GRI
</PRE>
<HR><H2><A NAME="H2.">2. The /usr/lib/wampes/net Program</A></H2>
The executable file <B>/usr/lib/wampes/net</B>
(further called <B>WAMPES</B>) provides Internet (TCP/IP),
NET/ROM and AX.25
facilities. Because it has an internal multi-tasking system,
<B>WAMPES</B> can act simultaneously as a client, a server and a packet switch
for all three sets of protocols. That is, while a local user accesses remote
services, the system can also provide those same services to remote users
while also switching IP, NET/ROM and AX.25 packets and frames between other
client and server nodes.
<P>
The keyboard and display is used by the local operator to control both host
and gateway level functions, for which a number of commands are provided.
<H3><A NAME="H2.1">2.1 Startup</A></H3>
<PRE>
<B>/usr/lib/wampes/net [-g] [-v]</B> [<I>startup file</I>]
</PRE>
When <B>WAMPES</B> is executed without arguments,
it attempts to open the file <B>/usr/lib/wampes/net.rc</B>.
If it exists, it is read and executed as though its contents
were typed on the console as commands.
This feature is useful for configuring network addresses,
attaching communication interfaces, and starting the various services.
<P>
The following command-line options are accepted:
<DL>
<DT><B>-g</B>
<DD>The <B>-g</B> option causes <B>WAMPES</B> to run in <B>debug</B> mode.
In <B>debug</B> mode, <B>WAMPES</B> will NOT:
<UL>
<LI>load or save the ARP table, the IP routing table, or the AX.25 routing table
from or to a disc file
<LI>unlink any UNIX domain sockets
<LI>enable the 120 seconds watch dog timer
<LI>change its UNIX scheduling priority
<LI>check the files <B>/usr/lib/wampes/net</B> and <B>/usr/lib/wampes/net.rc</B> for modifications
</UL>
<DT><B>-v</B>
<DD>The <B>-v</B> option allows the user to view command execution during
the startup of <B>WAMPES</B>.
It echoes the commands read from the startup file before they are executed.
This is a nice help if <B>WAMPES</B> stops (hangs) during initialization.
</DL>
After all command-line options, the name of an alternate startup file may
be specified. This file is then opened and read instead
of <B>/usr/lib/wampes/net.rc</B>.
<H3><A NAME="H2.2">2.2 Environment variables</A></H3>
The following environment variables are read by <B>WAMPES</B>:
<DL>
<DT><B>TZ</B>
<DD>The TZ variable should be set to the local timezone. Default is TZ=MEZ-1MESZ.
This is used in various time stamps.
</DL>
<HR><H2><A NAME="H3.">3. Console modes</A></H2>
The console may be in one of two modes: <B>command mode</B> or
<B>converse mode</B>.
In <B>command mode</B> the prompt <I>hostname</I>> is displayed and any of the
commands described in the <A HREF="#H4."><B>Commands</B></A> chapter may be entered.
In <B>converse mode</B>
keyboard input is processed according to the current session.
<P>
Sessions come in many types: Telnet, FTP, AX25,
Finger, and NETROM.
<P>
In a Telnet, AX25, or NETROM
session keyboard input is sent to the
remote system, and any output from the remote system is displayed on the
console. In a FTP session keyboard input has to consist of
known local commands
(see the <A HREF="#H5."><B>FTP Subcommands</B></A> chapter).
A Finger session is used to peek at a
remote system for its users (and what they are doing on some UNIX systems).
<P>
The keyboard also has <B>cooked</B> and <B>raw</B> states.
In <B>cooked</B> state input
is line-at-a-time. The user may use the editing keys described below
to edit the line.
Hitting either Return or Linefeed passes the
complete line to the application.
In <B>raw</B> mode each character is
immediately passed to the application as it is typed.
The keyboard is always in <B>cooked</B> state in command mode.
It is also <B>cooked</B> in converse mode on an AX25, FTP, or NETROM session.
In a Telnet session it depends on
whether the remote end has issued (and the local end has
accepted) the Telnet WILL ECHO option (see the <A HREF="#H4.15"><B>echo</B></A> command).
<P>
To escape back to <B>command mode</B>
the user must enter the <I>escape</I> character, which is by
default Control-] (0x1d, ASCII GS). Note that this is distinct from the
ASCII character of the same name. The escape character can be changed (see
the <A HREF="#H4.17"><B>escape</B></A> command).
Setting the escape character to an unreachable code renders a system inescapable
and the user hung in a session.
<P>
The following editing keys are available:
<DL>
<DT>Control-A
<DD><DT>Home
<DD><DT>Shift-LeftArrow
<DD>Move cursor to start of line.
<P>
<DT>Escape b
<DD>Move cursor backward one word.
<P>
<DT>Control-B
<DD><DT>LeftArrow
<DD>Move cursor backward one character.
<P>
<DT>Control-F
<DD><DT>RightArrow
<DD>Move cursor forward one character.
<P>
<DT>Escape f
<DD>Move cursor forward one word.
<P>
<DT>Control-E
<DD><DT>Shift-Home
<DD><DT>Shift-RightArrow
<DD>Move cursor to end of line.
<P>
<DT>Control-W
<DD><DT>Escape Backspace
<DD><DT>Escape DEL
<DD>Delete previous word.
<P>
<DT>Control-H
<DD><DT>Backspace
<DD><DT>DEL
<DD>Delete previous character.
<P>
<DT>Escape d
<DD>Delete current word.
<P>
<DT>Control-D
<DD><DT>DeleteChar
<DD>Delete current character.
<P>
<DT>Control-K
<DD><DT>ClearLine
<DD>Delete from cursor to end of line.
<P>
<DT>Control-U
<DD><DT>Control-X
<DD><DT>DeleteLine
<DD>Delete entire line.
<P>
<DT>Control-Q
<DD><DT>Control-V
<DD>Escape next character. Editing characters
can be entered in a command line or in
a search string if preceded by a Control-Q or Control-V.
Control-Q and Control-V removes the
next character's editing features (if any).
<P>
<DT>Control-L
<DD>Linefeed and print line.
<P>
<DT>Control-P
<DD><DT>Prev
<DD><DT>UpArrow
<DD>Fetch previous command.
Each time Control-P is entered,
the next previous command in the history list is accessed.
<P>
<DT>Control-N
<DD><DT>Next
<DD><DT>DownArrow
<DD>Fetch next command.
Each time Control-N is entered,
the next command in the history list is accessed.
<P>
<DT>Control-R<I>string</I>
<DD>Search the history list for a previous command line
containing <I>string</I>.
<I>string</I> is terminated by a Return or Linefeed.
<P>
<DT>Control-J
<DD><DT>Control-M
<DD><DT>Enter
<DD><DT>Return
<DD>Append Return+Linefeed, then execute line.
<P>
<DT>Control-T
<DD>Execute line without appending Return+Linefeed to it.
</DL>
<HR><H2><A NAME="H4.">4. Commands</A></H2>
This section describes the commands recognized in command mode, or
within a startup file such as <B>net.rc</B>. These are given in the following
notation:
<PRE>
<B>command</B>
<B>command</B> <I>parameter</I>
<B>command subcommand</B> <I>parameter</I>
<B>command</B> [<I>optional_parameter</I>]
<B>command a|b</B>
</PRE>
Many commands take subcommands or parameters, which may be optional or
required. In general, if a required subcommand or parameter is omitted,
an error message will summarize the available subcommands or required
parameters. Giving a <A HREF="#H4.3"><B>?</B></A> in place of the subcommand will also
generate the message. This is useful when the command word alone is a
valid command. If a command takes an optional value parameter, issuing
the command without the parameter generally displays the current value
of the variable. Exceptions to this rule are noted in the individual
command descriptions.
<P>
Two or more parameters separated by vertical bar(s) denote a choice
between the specified values. Optional parameters are shown enclosed in
[brackets], and a parameter shown as <I>parameter</I> should be
replaced with an actual value or string. For example, the notation
<I>hostid</I> denotes an actual host or gateway, which may be specified in
one of two ways: as a numeric IP address in dotted decimal notation
(eg. 44.0.0.1), or as a symbolic name stored in the domain name database.
<P>
All commands and many subcommands may be abbreviated. You only need
type enough of a command's name to distinguish it from others that begin
with the same series of letters. Parameters, however, must be typed in
full.
<P>
FTP subcommands (eg. put, get, dir, etc) are recognized only in
converse mode with the appropriate FTP session, they are not recognized
in command mode (see the <A HREF="#H5."><B>FTP Subcommands</B></A> chapter).
<P>
A word beginning with <B>#</B> causes that word and all the following
characters on the same line to be ignored.
<H3><A NAME="H4.1">4.1 <cr></A></H3>
Entering a carriage return (empty line) while in command mode
puts you in converse mode with the current session. If there is
no current session, <B>WAMPES</B> remains in command mode.
<H3><A NAME="H4.2">4.2 ! <I>shell_command_line</I></A></H3>
An alias for the <A HREF="#H4.47"><B>shell</B></A> command.
<H3><A NAME="H4.3">4.3 ?</A></H3>
Display a brief summary of top-level commands.
<H3><A NAME="H4.4">4.4 arp [<I>subcommand</I>]</A></H3>
Without an argument,
display the Address Resolution Protocol table that maps IP addresses
to their subnet (link) addresses.
For each IP address entry the subnet type (eg. <A HREF="#H4.7"><B>ax25</B></A>, <A HREF="#H4.33"><B>netrom</B></A>),
link address, and time to expiration is shown.
If the link address is currently unknown,
the number of IP datagrams awaiting resolution is also shown.
<H4><A NAME="H4.4.1">4.4.1 arp add <I>hostid</I> ax25|netrom <I>link_addr</I></A></H4>
Add a permanent entry to the ARP table. It will not time out as
will an automatically created entry, but must be removed with the
<A HREF="#H4.4.2"><B>arp drop</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.4.2">4.4.2 arp drop <I>hostid</I> ax25|netrom</A></H4>
Remove the specified entry from the ARP table.
<H4><A NAME="H4.4.3">4.4.3 arp flush</A></H4>
Drop all automatically created entries from the ARP table, permanent
entries are not affected.
<H4><A NAME="H4.4.4">4.4.4 arp publish <I>hostid</I> ax25|netrom <I>link_addr</I></A></H4>
The <A HREF="#H4.4.4"><B>arp publish</B></A> command is similar to the <A HREF="#H4.4.1"><B>arp add</B></A> command,
but <B>WAMPES</B> will also respond to any ARP request it sees on the network
that seeks the specified address.
This is commonly referred to as "proxy arp",
and is considered a fairly dangerous tool.
The basic idea is that if you have two machines,
one on the air with a TNC,
and one connected to the first with a slip link,
you might want the first machine to publish it's own AX.25 address
as the right answer for ARP queries addressing the second machine.
This way, the rest of the world doesn't know the second machine
isn't really on the air.
Use this feature with great care.
<H3><A NAME="H4.5">4.5 asystat [<I>interface</I> ...]</A></H3>
Display statistics on the specified or all
attached asynchronous communications interfaces.
The display for each interface consists of three lines:
<UL>
<LI>The first line shows the interface name,
the state (<B>UP</B> or <B>DOWN</B>),
and the speed in bits per second.
<LI>The second line shows receiver (RX) event
counts: the total number of read system calls, received
characters, and the receiver high water mark. The receiver high water
mark is the maximum number of characters ever read from the
device during a single read system call. This is useful for
monitoring system interrupt latency margins as it shows how
close the port hardware has come to overflowing due to the
inability of the CPU to respond in time.
The high water mark is reset to 0 after <A HREF="#H4.5"><B>asystat</B></A> has
displayed its value.
<LI>The third line shows transmit (TX) statistics, including the total
number of write system calls and transmitted characters.
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="H4.6">4.6 attach <I>type</I> [<I>type specific options</I>]</A></H3>
Configure and attach an interface to the system.
The details are highly interface type dependent.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.1">4.6.1 attach asy 0 0 <I>encapsulation</I> <I>name</I> 0 <I>mtu</I> <I>speed</I></A></H4>
Configure and attach an asynchronous communications interface to the system.
See the <B>ifconfig encapsulation</B> command for the list of
available encapsulations.
<I>name</I> specifies the name of the interface,
and is also used to open the interface device file in the directory <B>/dev</B>.
<I>mtu</I> is the Maximum Transmission Unit size, in bytes.
Datagrams larger than this limit will be fragmented at the IP layer
into smaller pieces.
For AX.25 UI frames, this limits the size of the information field.
For AX.25 I frames, however, the <A HREF="#H4.7.11"><B>ax25 paclen</B></A> parameter is also relevant.
If the datagram or fragment is still larger than <B>paclen</B>,
it is also fragmented at the AX.25 level (as opposed to the IP level) before
transmission.
See the <A HREF="#H6."><B>Setting Paclen, Maxframe, MTU, MSS and Window</B></A> chapter
for more information.
<I>speed</I> is the transmission speed in bits per second (eg. 9600).
<P>
If any I/O error is encountered reading or writing the interface device file,
the interface will be marked <B>DOWN</B>.
Use the <A HREF="#H4.35"><B>param</B></A> <I>name</I> <B>Up</B> command to re-enable the interface.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.2">4.6.2 attach asy <I>ip-addr</I> <I>port</I> <I>encapsulation</I> <I>name</I> 0 <I>mtu</I> <I>speed</I></A></H4>
Configure and attach a UNIX TCP connection based interface to the system.
This is very similar to the asynchronous communications interface described above,
but instead of talking directly to a hardware device file, this interface type
will open a UNIX TCP connection to <I>ip-addr</I> and <I>port</I>.
The primary use of this interface type is to talk to some TNC which is
connected to the system via the LAN.
<I>ip-addr</I> is the destination IP address,
and has to be specified as one hexadecimal number.
For example, 127.0.0.1 has to be given as 7f000001.
<I>port</I> is the numeric destination TCP port address.
See the <B>ifconfig encapsulation</B> command for the list of
available encapsulations.
<I>name</I> specifies the name of the interface.
<I>mtu</I> is the Maximum Transmission Unit size, in bytes.
Datagrams larger than this limit will be fragmented at the IP layer
into smaller pieces.
For AX.25 UI frames, this limits the size of the information field.
For AX.25 I frames, however, the <A HREF="#H4.7.11"><B>ax25 paclen</B></A> parameter is also relevant.
If the datagram or fragment is still larger than <B>paclen</B>,
it is also fragmented at the AX.25 level (as opposed to the IP level) before
transmission.
See the <A HREF="#H6."><B>Setting Paclen, Maxframe, MTU, MSS and Window</B></A> chapter
for more information.
<I>speed</I> must be specified, but is not used.
<P>
If any I/O error is encountered reading or writing the UNIX TCP connection,
the interface will be marked <B>DOWN</B>.
Use the <A HREF="#H4.35"><B>param</B></A> <I>name</I> <B>Up</B> command to re-enable the interface.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.3">4.6.3 attach axip [<I>name</I> [ip|udp [<I>port</I>]]]</A></H4>
This creates an AX.25 frame encapsulator for transmission
of AX.25 frames over the UNIX's networking system.
The interface will be named <I>name</I>,
or <A HREF="#H4.8"><B>axip</B></A> if <I>name</I> is not specified.
The default encapsulation will use IP protocol 93,
but it is possible to use UDP instead.
If <I>port</I> is specified that IP protocol number or UDP port number
will be used instead of 93.
See also RFC1226 and the <A HREF="#H4.8"><B>axip</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.4">4.6.4 attach ipip [<I>name</I> [ip|udp [<I>port</I>]]]</A></H4>
This creates an IP frame encapsulator for transmission
of IP frames over the UNIX's networking system.
The interface will be named <I>name</I>,
or <B>ipip</B> if <I>name</I> is not specified.
The default encapsulation will use IP protocol 4,
but it is possible to use UDP instead.
If <I>port</I> is specified that IP protocol number or UDP port number
will be used instead of 4.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.5">4.6.5 attach netrom</A></H4>
This creates an IP frame encapsulator for transmission
of IP frames over the NET/ROM transport.
The interface will be named
<A HREF="#H4.33"><B>netrom</B></A>.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.6">4.6.6 attach ni <I>name</I> <I>ip-addr</I> [<I>netmask</I>]</A></H4>
This creates an IP point-to-point link between <B>WAMPES</B> and UNIX,
by creating a new interface named <I>name</I> on the <B>WAMPES</B> side,
and by creating a new interface named <B>ni?</B>
with IP address <I>ip-addr</I>
and netmask <I>netmask</I>
on the UNIX side.
It also establishes a UNIX routing table entry
directing traffic for <B>WAMPES</B> to the newly created interface.
<I>ip-addr</I> and <I>netmask</I> have to be specified
as numeric IP addresses in dotted decimal notation (eg. 44.0.0.1),
or as symbolic names stored in the domain name database.
<I>netmask</I> defaults to 255.0.0.0 if not specified.
Example:
<PRE>
attach ni ni dk5sg-u # ip to host ip
</PRE>
<P>
Currently <A HREF="#H4.6.6"><B>attach ni</B></A> is available on HP-UX systems only.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.7">4.6.7 attach tun <I>name</I></A></H4>
This creates an IP point-to-point link between <B>WAMPES</B> and UNIX,
by creating a new interface named <I>name</I> on the <B>WAMPES</B> side.
Currently <A HREF="#H4.6.7"><B>attach tun</B></A> is available on FreeBSD systems only.
<H4><A NAME="H4.6.8">4.6.8 attach kernel <I>name</I> [nopromisc]</A></H4>
Currently <A HREF="#H4.6.8"><B>attach kernel</B></A> is available on Linux systems only.
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H3><A NAME="H4.7">4.7 ax25 <I>subcommand</I></A></H3>
These commands control the AX.25 service.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.1">4.7.1 ax25 blimit [<I>limit</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the AX.25 retransmission backoff limit. Normally each
successive AX.25 retransmission is delayed by a factor of 1.25 compared to
the previous interval, this is called <B>exponential backoff</B>.
When the number of retries reaches the <B>blimit</B> setting the backoff
is held at its current value, and is not increased anymore.
Note that this is applicable only to actual AX.25 connections, UI frames
will never be retransmitted by the AX.25 layer.
The default is 16.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.2">4.7.2 ax25 destlist [<I>interface</I>]</A></H4>
Display the AX.25 "destination" list.
Each address seen in the destination field
of an AX.25 frame is displayed (most recent first),
along with the time since it was last referenced.
The time since the same address was last seen in the source field
of an AX.25 frame on the same interface is also shown.
If the address has never been seen in the source field of a frame,
then this field is left blank.
(This indicates that the destination is either a multicast address or a "hidden station".)
If <I>interface</I> is given, only the list for that interface is displayed.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.3">4.7.3 ax25 digipeat [0|1|2]</A></H4>
Display or set the digipeat mode. The default is 2. MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.4">4.7.4 ax25 flush</A></H4>
Clear the AX.25 "heard" and "destination" lists
(see <A HREF="#H4.7.5"><B>ax25 heard</B></A> and <A HREF="#H4.7.2"><B>ax25 destlist</B></A>).
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.5">4.7.5 ax25 heard [<I>interface</I>]</A></H4>
Display the AX.25 "heard" list.
For each interface that is configured to use AX.25,
a list of all addresses heard through that interface is shown,
along with a count of the number of packets heard from each station
and the interval, in days:hr:min:sec format, since each station was last heard.
The list is sorted in most-recently-heard order.
The local station appears first in the listing,
the packet count actually reflects the number of packets transmitted.
This count will be correct whether or not the modem monitors
its own transmissions.
If <I>interface</I> is given, only the list for that interface is displayed.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.6">4.7.6 ax25 ignoretos [on|off]</A></H4>
If <A HREF="#H4.7.6"><B>ax25 ignoretos</B></A> is <B>off</B>, IP frames will be encapsulated
in AX.25 UI frames (datagram mode) if
<UL>
<LI>the "low delay" bit is set in the IP type-of-service field.
<LI>the "reliability" bit is NOT set in the IP type-of-service field,
and encapsulation is <B>ax25ui</B>, <B>kissui</B>, or <B>nrs</B>.
<LI>the destination is the broadcast address
(this is helpful when broadcasting on an interface
that uses <B>ax25i</B> or <B>kissi</B> encapsulation).
</UL>
For all other cases I frames (virtual circuit mode) will be used.
If <A HREF="#H4.7.6"><B>ax25 ignoretos</B></A> is <B>on</B>, the IP type-of-service field
will be ignored in the decision whether to use UI or I frames.
The default is <B>off</B> (TOS is not ignored).
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.7">4.7.7 ax25 jumpstart <I>ax25_addr</I> [on|off]</A></H4>
The default is <B>off</B>.
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.8">4.7.8 ax25 kick <I>axcb_addr</I></A></H4>
If there is unacknowledged data on the send queue of the specified AX.25
control block, this command forces an immediate retransmission.
The control block address can be found with the <A HREF="#H4.7.16"><B>ax25 status</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.9">4.7.9 ax25 maxframe [<I>count</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the maximum number of frames that will be allowed to remain
unacknowledged at any time on AX.25 connections. This number cannot
be greater than 7.
Note that the maximum outstanding frame count only works with
virtual connections, UI frames are not affected.
The default is 7 frames.
See the <A HREF="#H6."><B>Setting Paclen, Maxframe, MTU, MSS and Window</B></A> chapter
for more information.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.10">4.7.10 ax25 mycall [<I>ax25_addr</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the default local AX.25 address. The standard format is used,
eg. KA9Q-0 or WB6RQN-5.
This command must be given before any <A HREF="#H4.6"><B>attach</B></A> commands
using AX.25 mode are given.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.11">4.7.11 ax25 paclen [<I>size</I>]</A></H4>
Limit the size of I-fields on new AX.25 connections. If IP
datagrams or fragments larger than this are transmitted, they will be
transparently fragmented at the AX.25 level, sent as a series of I
frames, and reassembled back into a complete IP datagram or fragment at
the other end of the link. To have any effect on IP datagrams,
this parameter should be less than or equal to
the MTU of the associated interface.
The default is 256 bytes.
See the <A HREF="#H6."><B>Setting Paclen, Maxframe, MTU, MSS and Window</B></A> chapter
for more information.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.12">4.7.12 ax25 pthresh [<I>size</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the poll threshold to be used for new AX.25 Version 2
connections. The poll threshold controls retransmission behavior as
follows. If the oldest unacknowledged I frame size is less than the poll
threshold, it will be sent with the poll (P) bit set if a timeout occurs.
If the oldest unacknowledged I frame size is equal to or greater than the
threshold, then a RR or RNR frame, as appropriate, with the poll bit set
will be sent if a timeout occurs.
<P>
The idea behind the poll threshold is that the extra time needed to send a
"small" I frame instead of a supervisory frame when polling after a timeout
is small, and since there is a good chance the I frame will have to be sent
anyway (i.e., if it were lost previously) then you might as well send it as
the poll. But if the I frame is large, send a supervisory (RR/RNR) poll
instead to determine first if retransmitting the oldest unacknowledged
I frame is necessary, the timeout might have been caused by a lost
acknowledgement. This is obviously a tradeoff, so experiment with the
poll threshold setting. The default is 64 bytes.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.13">4.7.13 ax25 reset <I>axcb_addr</I></A></H4>
Delete the AX.25 control block at the specified address.
The control block address can be found with the <A HREF="#H4.7.16"><B>ax25 status</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.14">4.7.14 ax25 retry [<I>count</I>]</A></H4>
Limit the number of successive unsuccessful transmission attempts on
new AX.25 connections. If this limit is exceeded, the connection
is abandoned and all queued data is deleted.
A <I>count</I> of 0 allows unlimited transmission attempts.
The default is 10 tries.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.15">4.7.15 ax25 route [stat]</A></H4>
Display the AX.25 routing table that
specifies the interface and digipeaters to be used in reaching a given station.
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H5><A NAME="H4.7.15.1">4.7.15.1 ax25 route add [permanent] <I>interface</I> default|<I>ax25_addr</I> [<I>digipeater</I> ...]</A></H5>
Add an entry to the AX.25 routing table. An automatic <A HREF="#H4.7.15.1"><B>ax25 route add</B></A>
is executed if digipeaters are specified in an AX.25 <A HREF="#H4.11"><B>connect</B></A>
command, or if a connection is received from a remote station.
Such automatic routing table entries won't override locally
created <B>permanent</B> entries, however. MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H5><A NAME="H4.7.15.2">4.7.15.2 ax25 route list [<I>ax25_addr</I> ...]</A></H5>
TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.16">4.7.16 ax25 status [<I>axcb_addr</I>]</A></H4>
Without an argument, display a one-line summary of each AX.25 control block.
If the address of a particular control block is specified, the contents of
that control block are shown in more detail.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.17">4.7.17 ax25 t1 [<I>milliseconds</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the AX.25 retransmission timer.
The default is 5000 milliseconds (5 seconds).
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.18">4.7.18 ax25 t2 [<I>milliseconds</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the AX.25 acknowledge delay timer.
The default is 300 milliseconds (0.3 seconds).
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.19">4.7.19 ax25 t3 [<I>milliseconds</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the AX.25 idle poll timer.
The default is 900000 milliseconds (15 minutes),
a value of 0 will disable the timer.
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.20">4.7.20 ax25 t4 [<I>milliseconds</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the AX.25 busy timer.
The default is 60000 milliseconds (1 minute).
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.21">4.7.21 ax25 t5 [<I>milliseconds</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the AX.25 idle disconnect timer.
The default is 3600000 milliseconds (60 minutes),
a value of 0 will disable the timer.
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.22">4.7.22 ax25 version [1|2]</A></H4>
Display or set the version of the AX.25 protocol to attempt to use on
new connections. The default is 2 (the version
that uses the poll/final bits).
<H4><A NAME="H4.7.23">4.7.23 ax25 window [<I>size</I>]</A></H4>
Set the number of bytes that can be pending on an AX.25 receive queue
beyond which I frames will be answered with RNR (Receiver Not Ready)
responses. This presently applies only to suspended interactive AX.25
sessions, since incoming I frames containing network (IP, NET/ROM) packets
are always processed immediately and are not placed on the receive queue.
However, when an AX.25 connection carries both interactive
and network packet traffic, a RNR generated because of
backlogged interactive traffic will also stop network
packet traffic.
The default is 2048 bytes.
<H3><A NAME="H4.8">4.8 axip <I>subcommand</I></A></H3>
TO BE WRITTEN.
<H4><A NAME="H4.8.1">4.8.1 axip route</A></H4>
TO BE WRITTEN.
<H5><A NAME="H4.8.1.1">4.8.1.1 axip route add <I>ax25_addr</I> <I>hostid</I></A></H5>
TO BE WRITTEN.
<H5><A NAME="H4.8.1.2">4.8.1.2 axip route drop <I>ax25_addr</I></A></H5>
TO BE WRITTEN.
<H3><A NAME="H4.9">4.9 bye</A></H3>
TO BE WRITTEN.
<H3><A NAME="H4.10">4.10 close [<I>session#</I>]</A></H3>
Close the specified session, without an argument, close the
current session. On an AX.25 session this command initiates a
disconnect. On a FTP or Telnet session this command sends a
FIN (i.e., initiates a close) on the session's TCP connection.
This is an alternative to asking the remote server to initiate a
close (QUIT to FTP, or the logout command appropriate for the
remote system in the case of Telnet). When either FTP or Telnet
sees the incoming half of a TCP connection close, it
automatically responds by closing the outgoing half of the
connection. <A HREF="#H4.10"><B>close</B></A> is more graceful than the <A HREF="#H4.42"><B>reset</B></A> command, in
that it is less likely to leave the remote TCP in a "half-open"
state.
<H3><A NAME="H4.11">4.11 connect <I>ax25_addr</I> [<I>digipeater</I> ...]</A></H3>
Initiate a "vanilla" AX.25 session to the specified <I>ax25_addr</I>.
Up to 8 optional digipeaters may be given, note that the word
<B>via</B> is NOT needed.
Data sent on this session goes out in conventional AX.25 packets
with no upper layer protocol. The de-facto presentation
standard format is used, in that each packet holds one line of
text, terminated by a carriage return. A single AX.25
connection may be used for terminal-to-terminal, IP and NET/ROM
traffic, with the three types of data being automatically separated
by their AX.25 Protocol IDs.
<H3><A NAME="H4.12">4.12 delete <I>filename</I> ...</A></H3>
Remove the specified files from the file system.
<H3><A NAME="H4.13">4.13 disconnect [<I>session#</I>]</A></H3>
An alias for the <A HREF="#H4.10"><B>close</B></A> command (for the benefit of AX.25 users).
<H3><A NAME="H4.14">4.14 domain <I>subcommand</I></A></H3>
These commands control the Domain Name Service (DNS).
<H4><A NAME="H4.14.1">4.14.1 domain cache list</A></H4>
Show the current contents of the in-memory cache for resource
records.
<H4><A NAME="H4.14.2">4.14.2 domain cache flush</A></H4>
Clear the in-memory cache for resource records.
This command is executed automatically every 24 hours to
remove old cache entries.
<H4><A NAME="H4.14.3">4.14.3 domain query <I>name|addr</I></A></H4>
Attempt to map a host name to an IP address or vice versa
using the built-in domain name server.
<H4><A NAME="H4.14.4">4.14.4 domain trace [on|off]</A></H4>
Display or set the flag controlling the tracing of domain name server
requests and responses.
The default is <B>off</B>.
<H4><A NAME="H4.14.5">4.14.5 domain usegethostby [on|off]</A></H4>
Display or set the flag controlling
the use of the UNIX functions gethostbyname
and gethostbyaddr.
The default is <B>off</B>.
MORE TO BE WRITTEN.
<H3><A NAME="H4.15">4.15 echo [accept|refuse]</A></H3>
Display or set the flag controlling client Telnet's response to
a remote WILL ECHO offer.
The default is <B>accept</B>.
<P>
The Telnet presentation protocol specifies that in the absence
of a negotiated agreement to the contrary, neither end echoes
data received from the other. In this mode, a Telnet client
session echoes keyboard input locally and nothing is actually
sent until a carriage return is typed. Local line editing is
also performed, see the <A HREF="#H3."><B>Console modes</B></A> chapter.
<P>
When communicating from keyboard to keyboard the standard local
echo mode is used, so the setting of this parameter has no
effect. However, many timesharing systems (eg. UNIX) prefer to
do their own echoing of typed input. (This makes screen editors
work right, among other things.) Such systems send a Telnet
WILL ECHO offer immediately upon receiving an incoming Telnet
connection request. If <B>echo accept</B> is in effect, a client
Telnet session will automatically return a DO ECHO response. In
this mode, local echoing and editing is turned off and each key
stroke is sent immediately (subject to the Nagle tinygram
algorithm in TCP). While this mode is just fine across an
Ethernet, it is clearly inefficient and painful across slow
paths like packet radio channels. Specifying <B>echo refuse</B>
causes an incoming WILL ECHO offer to be answered with a DONT
ECHO, the client Telnet session remains in the local echo mode.
Sessions already in the remote echo mode are unaffected. (Note:
Berkeley UNIX has a bug in that it will still echo input even
after the client has refused the WILL ECHO offer. To get around
this problem, enter the <B>stty -echo</B> command to the shell once
you have logged in.)
<H3><A NAME="H4.16">4.16 eol [standard|null]</A></H3>
Display or set Telnet's end-of-line behavior when in remote echo mode.
In <B>standard</B> mode, each key is sent as-is.
In <B>null</B> mode, carriage returns are translated to line feeds.
This command is not necessary with all UNIX systems,
use it only when you find that a particular system responds to line feeds
but not carriage returns.
Only SunOS release 3.2 seems to exhibit this behavior, later releases are fixed.
The default is <B>standard</B>.
<H3><A NAME="H4.17">4.17 escape [<I>character</I>]</A></H3>
Display or set the current command-mode escape character.
To enter a control character from the keyboard it has
to be prefixed by Control-V.
The default is Control-] (0x1d, ASCII GS).
<H3><A NAME="H4.18">4.18 exit</A></H3>
Exit (terminate) <B>WAMPES</B>.
<H3><A NAME="H4.19">4.19 finger [<I>user</I>]@<I>hostid</I></A></H3>
Issue a network finger request for user <I>user</I> at host <I>hostid</I>. If only
<B>@</B><I>hostid</I> is given, all users on that host are identified.
<H3><A NAME="H4.20">4.20 fkey <I>key#</I> <I>text</I></A></H3>
Set the value for a programmable key on the keyboard.
To enter a control character from the keyboard it has
to be prefixed by Control-V.
<I>Text</I> has to be enclosed in double quotes if it
contains white space.
<H3><A NAME="H4.21">4.21 flexnet <I>subcommand</I></A></H3>
These commands control the FLEXNET service.
<H4><A NAME="H4.21.1">4.21.1 flexnet dest [<I>ax25_addr</I>]</A></H4>
Display all known, or the specified, FLEXNET destination,
together with the list of neighbors
through which the destination can be reached.
The number in parentheses after each neighbor is the propagation delay
to the destination through this neighbor.
The neighbor list is sorted by this delay,
the best neighbor
(the one which actually will be used)
is listed first.
The delay is measured in 100 millisecond units,
a value of zero is to be taken as infinity.
<H4><A NAME="H4.21.2">4.21.2 flexnet destdebug</A></H4>
Display all known FLEXNET destinations,
together with the list of all neighbors.
Two numbers are printed in parentheses after each neighbor.
The <B>D</B>elay value is the propagation delay to the destination
through this neighbor.
The <B>L</B>ast value is the delay our node sent to this neighbor,
telling it the propagation delay to the destination through our node.
The delays are measured in 100 millisecond units,
a value of zero is to be taken as infinity.
<H4><A NAME="H4.21.3">4.21.3 flexnet link</A></H4>
Without an argument, display the FLEXNET link table,
which contains all known FLEXNET neighbors.
The fields are as follows:
<DL>
<DT><B>Call</B>
<DD>The call sign and SSID range of this neighbor.
<DT><B>Remote</B>
<DD>The propagation delay to this neighbor as measured by the neighbor.
<DT><B>Local</B>
<DD>The propagation delay to this neighbor as measured by the our node.
<DT><B>Smooth</B>
<DD>The smoothed, average propagation delay to this neighbor.
<DT><B>P</B>
<DD>If this column contains a <B>P</B>,
then the link was created manually,
and is <B>permanent</B>.
A permanent link can only be removed
with the <A HREF="#H4.21.3.2"><B>flexnet link delete</B></A> command.
<DT><B>T</B>
<DD>The state of the routing token encoded as follows:
<DL>
<DT><B>N</B>
<DD>Our node does not have the token, and did not requested it.
<DT><B>W</B>
<DD>Our node does not have the token, but did requested it.
<DT><B>Y</B>
<DD>Our node has the token.
</DL>
<DT><B>State</B>
<DD>The state of the AX.25 link to this neighbor.
</DL>
<H5><A NAME="H4.21.3.1">4.21.3.1 flexnet link add <I>ax25_addr</I></A></H5>
Add a permanent entry to the FLEXNET link table.
<H5><A NAME="H4.21.3.2">4.21.3.2 flexnet link delete <I>ax25_addr</I></A></H5>
Remove the specified entry from the FLEXNET link table.
<H4><A NAME="H4.21.4">4.21.4 flexnet query <I>ax25_addr</I></A></H4>
Display the path to the specified FLEXNET destination. Call signs shown
in capital letters along the path support the FLEXNET protocol,
those in lower-case letters do not.
<H3><A NAME="H4.22">4.22 ftp <I>hostid</I> [<I>port</I>]</A></H3>
Open a FTP control channel to the specified remote host
and enter converse mode on the new session.
If <I>port</I> is given that port is used. Default port is 21.
Responses from the remote server are displayed directly on the screen.
See the <A HREF="#H5."><B>FTP Subcommands</B></A> chapter for descriptions of the commands
available in a FTP session.
<H3><A NAME="H4.23">4.23 hostname [<I>hostname</I>]</A></H3>
Display or set the local host's name. By convention this should
be the same as the host's primary domain name. This string is
used in greeting messages of various network
servers, and in the command line prompt.
Note that <A HREF="#H4.23"><B>hostname</B></A> does NOT set the system's IP address.
<P>
If <I>hostname</I> is the same as the name of an attached interface,
<I>hostname</I> will be substituted by the canonical host name
which corresponds to the IP address of that interface.
<H3><A NAME="H4.24">4.24 icmp <I>subcommand</I></A></H3>
These commands control the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) service.
<H4><A NAME="H4.24.1">4.24.1 icmp echo [on|off]</A></H4>
Display or set the flag controlling the asynchronous display of
ICMP Echo Reply packets. This flag must be <B>on</B> for one-shot
pings to work (see the <A HREF="#H4.36"><B>ping</B></A> command). The default is <B>on</B>.
<H4><A NAME="H4.24.2">4.24.2 icmp status</A></H4>
Display statistics about the Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP), including the number of ICMP messages of each type sent
and received.
<H4><A NAME="H4.24.3">4.24.3 icmp trace [on|off]</A></H4>
Display or set the flag controlling the display of ICMP error
messages. These informational messages are generated by
routers in response to routing, protocol or congestion
problems.
The default is <B>off</B>.
<H3><A NAME="H4.25">4.25 ifconfig [<I>interface</I> [[<I>subcommand</I> <I>parameter</I>] ...]</A></H3>
Without arguments display the status of all interfaces.
When only <I>interface</I> is given, the status of that interface is displayed.
Multiple subcommand/parameter pairs can be put on one line.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.1">4.25.1 ifconfig <I>interface</I> autoroute <B>on</B>|<B>off</B></A></H4>
Enable or disable the automatic learning of routes through this interface.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.2">4.25.2 ifconfig <I>interface</I> broadcast <I>hostid</I></A></H4>
Set the broadcast address of <I>interface</I> to <I>hostid</I>.
This is related to the <B>netmask</B> subcommand.
See also the <A HREF="#H4.4"><B>arp</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.3">4.25.3 ifconfig <I>interface</I> crc <I>mode</I></A></H4>
Set the CRC mode used on this interface. Valid <I>modes</I> are:
<UL>
<LI><B>OFF</B>
<LI><B>16</B>
<LI><B>RMNC</B>
<LI><B>CCITT</B>
</UL>
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.4">4.25.4 ifconfig <I>interface</I> encapsulation <I>encapsulation</I></A></H4>
Set the encapsulation for <I>interface</I> to <I>encapsulation</I>.
<I>Encapsulation</I> may be one of:
<DL>
<DT><B>none</B>
<DD>No encapsulation.
<DT><B>slip</B>
<DD>Serial Line Internet Protocol.
Encapsulates IP datagrams directly in SLIP frames without a link
header. This is for operation on point-to-point lines and is compatible
with 4.2BSD UNIX SLIP.
<DT><B>vjslip</B>
<DD>Compressed SLIP.
<DT><B>ax25ui</B>, <B>ax25i</B>
<DD>Similar to <B>slip</B>, except that an AX.25 header
is added to the datagram before SLIP encoding.
<DT><B>kissui</B>, <B>kissi</B>
<DD>Similar to <B>slip</B>, except that an AX.25 header
and a KISS TNC control header
is added to the datagram before SLIP encoding.
<DT><A HREF="#H4.33"><B>netrom</B></A>
<DD>Adds a NET/ROM network header to the datagram.
<DT><B>nrs</B>
<DD>Adds an AX.25 header,
then encodes the frame using
the NET/ROM asynchronous framing technique
for communication with a local NET/ROM TNC.
</DL>
For AX.25 based encapsulations UI frames (datagram mode) will be used
if any one of the following conditions is true,
otherwise I frames (virtual circuit mode) will be used:
<UL>
<LI>the "low delay" bit is set in the IP type-of-service field.
<LI>the "reliability" bit is NOT set in the IP type-of-service field,
and encapsulation is <B>ax25ui</B>, <B>kissui</B>, or <B>nrs</B>.
<LI>the destination is the broadcast address
(this is helpful when broadcasting on an interface
that uses <B>ax25i</B> or <B>kissi</B> encapsulation).
</UL>
The setting of the IP type-of-service field may be ignored
by using the <A HREF="#H4.7.6"><B>ax25 ignoretos</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.5">4.25.5 ifconfig <I>interface</I> forward <I>interface2</I></A></H4>
When a forward is defined, all output for <I>interface</I> is redirected to
<I>interface2</I>. To remove the forward, set <I>interface2</I> to <I>interface</I>.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.6">4.25.6 ifconfig <I>interface</I> ipaddress <I>hostid</I></A></H4>
Set the IP address to <I>hostid</I> for this interface. This might be necessary
when a system acts as a gateway.
See also the <A HREF="#H4.26.1"><B>ip address</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.7">4.25.7 ifconfig <I>interface</I> linkaddress <I>hardware-dependent</I></A></H4>
Set the hardware dependent address for this interface. For
AX.25 this can be the callsign, for ethernet an ethernet
address.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.8">4.25.8 ifconfig <I>interface</I> mtu <I>parameter</I></A></H4>
Set the maximum transfer unit to <I>parameter</I> octeds (bytes).
See the <A HREF="#H6."><B>Setting Paclen, Maxframe, MTU, MSS and Window</B></A> chapter
for more information.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.9">4.25.9 ifconfig <I>interface</I> netmask <I>address</I></A></H4>
Set the subnet mask for this interface.
The <I>address</I> takes the form of an IP address
with 1's in the network and subnet parts of the address,
and 0's in the host part of the address.
Example:
<PRE>
ifconfig ec0 netmask 0xffffff00
</PRE>
for a class C network (24 bits).
This is related to the <B>broadcast</B> subcommand.
See also the <A HREF="#H4.45"><B>route</B></A> command.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.10">4.25.10 ifconfig <I>interface</I> rxbuf <I>size</I></A></H4>
Set the receive buffer size.
This value is currently not used by <B>WAMPES</B>.
<H4><A NAME="H4.25.11">4.25.11 ifconfig <I>interface</I> txqlen <I>size</I></A></H4>
Set the transmit queue limit
(maximum number of packets waiting in the transmit queue).
If set to 0 the transmit queue is unlimited.
<H3><A NAME="H4.26">4.26 ip <I>subcommand</I></A></H3>
These commands control the Internet Protocol (IP) service.
<H4><A NAME="H4.26.1">4.26.1 ip address [<I>hostid</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the default local IP address. This command must be given before
an <A HREF="#H4.6"><B>attach</B></A> command if it is to be used as the default IP address for
that interface.
<H4><A NAME="H4.26.2">4.26.2 ip rtimer [<I>seconds</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the IP fragment reassembly timeout. The default is 30 seconds.
<H4><A NAME="H4.26.3">4.26.3 ip status</A></H4>
Display Internet Protocol (IP) statistics, such as total packet counts
and error counters of various types.
<H4><A NAME="H4.26.4">4.26.4 ip ttl [<I>hops</I>]</A></H4>
Display or set the default time-to-live value placed in each outgoing IP
datagram. This limits the number of switch hops the datagram will be allowed to
take. The idea is to bound the lifetime of the packet should it become caught
in a routing loop, so make the value slightly larger than the number of
hops across the network you expect to transit packets.
The default is 255 hops.
<H3><A NAME="H4.27">4.27 ipfilter [<I>subcommand</I>]</A></H3>
Without an argument, display the IP filter table,
which allows or denies IP packets to be received from or sent to a destination.
<P>
The default is to allow IP packets to be received from or sent to any destination.
Use the <B>ipfilter allow</B> and <B>ipfilter deny</B> commands
to extend the table.
Entries listed earlier take precedence over entries listed later.
<H4><A NAME="H4.27.1">4.27.1 ipfilter allow|deny <I>hostid</I>[/<I>bits</I>] [to <I>hostid</I>[/<I>bits</I>]]</A></H4>
This command (re)defines the rights for a range of IP addresses.
The optional /<I>bits</I> suffix to <I>hostid</I> specifies how
many leading bits in <I>hostid</I> are to be considered significant.
If not specified, 32 bits (i.e., full significance) is
assumed. With this option, a single <I>hostid</I>/<I>bits</I>
specification may refer to
many hosts all sharing a common bit string prefix in their IP addresses.
For example, ARPA Class A, B and C networks would use suffixes of /8,
/16 and /24 respectively. The command
<PRE>
ipfilter allow 44/8
</PRE>
causes any IP address beginning with "44" in the first 8 bits to be
allowed, the remaining 24 bits are "don't-cares".
<P>
If two <I>hostid</I>s are specified, those two IP addresses and all
IP addresses in between are allowed or denied.
For example:
<PRE>
ipfilter allow 44.1.2.0 to 44.1.2.255
</PRE>
is equivalent to
<PRE>
ipfilter allow 44.1.2/24
</PRE>
In case one or both of the <I>hostid</I>s has a /<I>bits</I> suffix,
the range of IP addresses allowed or denied
is from the lowest to the highest IP address.
For example:
<PRE>
ipfilter allow 44.1/16 to 44.3/16
</PRE>
is equivalent to
<PRE>
ipfilter allow 44.1.0.0 to 44.3.255.255
</PRE>
The <A HREF="#H4.27"><B>ipfilter</B></A> command tries to combine multiple <B>allow</B> and <B>deny</B>
commands into as few IP filter table entries as possible.
Because the table initially allows everything,
the first <A HREF="#H4.27"><B>ipfilter</B></A> command must be <B>deny</B> to have any effect.
To only allow certain IP addresses use something like
the following command sequence:
<PRE>
ipfilter deny 0/0 # default is deny
ipfilter allow 127.0.0.1 # loopback
ipfilter allow 44.128.4/24
ipfilter allow 44.130/16
ipfilter allow 44.142/16
ipfilter allow 44.143/16
ipfilter allow ke0gb
ipfilter allow winfree.n3eua
</PRE>
<H3><A NAME="H4.28">4.28 kick [<I>session#</I>]</A></H3>
Kick all control blocks associated with a session.
If no argument is given, kick the current session.
Performs the same function as the <A HREF="#H4.7.8"><B>ax25 kick</B></A>,
<A HREF="#H4.33.4"><B>netrom ki
